This safeguard indicates the religious liberty protections available for health-care providers, individuals and institutions, with respect to sterilization procedures. States exhibit variation in who has the right to refuse and from what negative consequences the entity is safeguarded. Checkmarks below indicate in which states the named entity is safeguarded and the consequences precluded. (For more about data collection within the health-care provision group, please see the details here.)
| State | Individual Practitioner Score | Individual Practitioner | Individual Practitioner Statutes | Individual Practitioner URL | Statute(s) | Private Hospital Score | Private Hospital | Private Hospital Statutes | Private Hospital URL | Statute(s) | Public Hospital Score | Public Hospital | Public Hospital Statues | Public Hospital URL | Statute(s) | Civil Liability Score | Civil Liability | Civil Liability Statues | Civil Liability URL | Statute(s) | Criminal Prosecution Score | Criminal Prosecution | Criminal Prosecution Statues | Criminal Prosecution URL | Statute(s) | Government Action Score | Government Action | Government Action Statutes | Government Action URL | Statute(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 1 | ✓ Yes | §22-21B-4 | https://alisondb.legislature.state.al.us/alison/CodeOfAlabama/1975/22-21b-4.htm | §22-21B-4 | 0 | No | §22-21B-4 | https://alisondb.legislature.state.al.us/alison/CodeOfAlabama/1975/22-21b-4.htm | §22-21B-4 | 0 | No | §22-21B-4 | https://alisondb.legislature.state.al.us/alison/CodeOfAlabama/1975/22-21b-4.htm | §22-21B-4 | 1 | ✓ Yes | §22-21B-4 | https://alisondb.legislature.state.al.us/alison/CodeOfAlabama/1975/22-21b-4.htm | §22-21B-4 | 1 | ✓ Yes | §22-21B-4(b)(e) | https://alisondb.legislature.state.al.us/alison/CodeOfAlabama/1975/22-21b-4.htm | §22-21B-4(b)(e) | 1 | ✓ Yes | §22-21B-4(c) | https://alisondb.legislature.state.al.us/alison/CodeOfAlabama/1975/22-21b-4.htm | §22-21B-4(c) |
| Alaska | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | ||||||||||||
| Arizona | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | ||||||||||||
| Arkansas | 1 | ✓ Yes | §20-16-301-305; §17-80-504 | https://advance.lexis.com/api/document/collection/statutes-legislation/id/4WVG-2SY0-R03M-82D0-00008-00?cite=A.C.A.%20%C2%A7%2020-16-304&context=1000516 | §20-16-301-305; §17-80-504 | 1 | ✓ Yes | §20-16-301-305; §17-80-504 | https://advance.lexis.com/api/document/collection/statutes-legislation/id/4WVG-2SY0-R03M-82D0-00008-00?cite=A.C.A.%20%C2%A7%2020-16-304&context=1000516 | §20-16-301-305; §17-80-504 | 1 | ✓ Yes | §17-80-504 | https://advance.lexis.com/api/document/collection/statutes-legislation/id/62B4-FC90-R03K-P2KJ-00008-00?cite=A.C.A.%20%C2%A7%2017-80-504&context=1000516 | §17-80-504 | 1 | ✓ Yes | §20-16-301-305; §17-80-504 | https://advance.lexis.com/api/document/collection/statutes-legislation/id/4WVG-2SY0-R03M-82D0-00008-00?cite=A.C.A.%20%C2%A7%2020-16-304&context=1000516 | §20-16-301-305; §17-80-504 | 1 | ✓ Yes | §17-80-504 | https://advance.lexis.com/api/document/collection/statutes-legislation/id/62B4-FC90-R03K-P2KJ-00008-00?cite=A.C.A.%20%C2%A7%2017-80-504&context=1000516 | §17-80-504 | 1 | ✓ Yes | §17-80-504 | https://advance.lexis.com/api/document/collection/statutes-legislation/id/62B4-FC90-R03K-P2KJ-00008-00?cite=A.C.A.%20%C2%A7%2017-80-504&context=1000516 | §17-80-504 |
| California | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | ||||||||||||
| Colorado | 1 | ✓ Yes | §25.5-10-235(2) | https://advance.lexis.com/api/document/collection/statutes-legislation/id/61P5-WWD1-DYDC-J0YX-00008-00?cite=C.R.S.%2025.5-10-235&context=1000516 | §25.5-10-235(2) | 1 | ✓ Yes | §25.5-10-235(2) | https://advance.lexis.com/api/document/collection/statutes-legislation/id/61P5-WWD1-DYDC-J0YX-00008-00?cite=C.R.S.%2025.5-10-235&context=1000516 | §25.5-10-235(2) | 1 | ✓ Yes | §25.5-10-235(2) | https://advance.lexis.com/api/document/collection/statutes-legislation/id/61P5-WWD1-DYDC-J0YX-00008-00?cite=C.R.S.%2025.5-10-235&context=1000516 | §25.5-10-235(2) | 1 | ✓ Yes | §25.5-10-235(2) | https://advance.lexis.com/api/document/collection/statutes-legislation/id/61P5-WWD1-DYDC-J0YX-00008-00?cite=C.R.S.%2025.5-10-235&context=1000516 | §25.5-10-235(2) | 1 | ✓ Yes | §25.5-10-235(2) | https://advance.lexis.com/api/document/collection/statutes-legislation/id/61P5-WWD1-DYDC-J0YX-00008-00?cite=C.R.S.%2025.5-10-235&context=1000516 | §25.5-10-235(2) | 0 | No | §25.5-10-235(2) | https://advance.lexis.com/api/document/collection/statutes-legislation/id/61P5-WWD1-DYDC-J0YX-00008-00?cite=C.R.S.%2025.5-10-235&context=1000516 | §25.5-10-235(2) |
| Connecticut | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | ||||||||||||
| Delaware | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | ||||||||||||
| Florida | 1 | ✓ Yes | §381.0051(5)(6) | http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&Search_String=&URL=0300-0399/0381/Sections/0381.0051.html | §381.0051(5)(6) | 0 | No | §381.0051(6) | http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&Search_String=&URL=0300-0399/0381/Sections/0381.0051.html | §381.0051(6) | 0 | No | §381.0051(6) | http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&Search_String=&URL=0300-0399/0381/Sections/0381.0051.html | §381.0051(6) | 1 | ✓ Yes | §381.0051(6) | http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&Search_String=&URL=0300-0399/0381/Sections/0381.0051.html | §381.0051(6) | 0 | No | §381.0051(6) | http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&Search_String=&URL=0300-0399/0381/Sections/0381.0051.html | §381.0051(6) | 0 | No | §381.0051(6) | http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&Search_String=&URL=0300-0399/0381/Sections/0381.0051.html | §381.0051(6) |
| Georgia | 1 | ✓ Yes | §31-20-6 | https://advance.lexis.com/api/document/collection/statutes-legislation/id/6348-FX31-DYB7-W0X0-00008-00?cite=O.C.G.A.%20%C2%A7%2031-20-6&context=1000516 | §31-20-6 | 1 | ✓ Yes | §31-20-6 | https://advance.lexis.com/api/document/collection/statutes-legislation/id/6348-FX31-DYB7-W0X0-00008-00?cite=O.C.G.A.%20%C2%A7%2031-20-6&context=1000516 | §31-20-6 | 1 | ✓ Yes | §31-20-6 | https://advance.lexis.com/api/document/collection/statutes-legislation/id/6348-FX31-DYB7-W0X0-00008-00?cite=O.C.G.A.%20%C2%A7%2031-20-6&context=1000516 | §31-20-6 | 1 | ✓ Yes | §31-20-6 | https://advance.lexis.com/api/document/collection/statutes-legislation/id/6348-FX31-DYB7-W0X0-00008-00?cite=O.C.G.A.%20%C2%A7%2031-20-6&context=1000516 | §31-20-6 | 0 | No | §31-20-6 | https://advance.lexis.com/api/document/collection/statutes-legislation/id/6348-FX31-DYB7-W0X0-00008-00?cite=O.C.G.A.%20%C2%A7%2031-20-6&context=1000516 | §31-20-6 | 0 | No | §31-20-6 | https://advance.lexis.com/api/document/collection/statutes-legislation/id/6348-FX31-DYB7-W0X0-00008-00?cite=O.C.G.A.%20%C2%A7%2031-20-6&context=1000516 | §31-20-6 |
| Hawaii | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | 0 | - | ||||||||||||
| Idaho | 1 | ✓ Yes | §39-3915 | https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title39/T39CH39/SECT39-3915/ | §39-3915 | 1 | ✓ Yes | §39-3915 | https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title39/T39CH39/SECT39-3915/ | §39-3915 | 1 | ✓ Yes | §39-3915 | https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title39/T39CH39/SECT39-3915/ | §39-3915 | 1 | ✓ Yes | §39-3915 | https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title39/T39CH39/SECT39-3915/ | §39-3915 | 0 | No | §39-3915 | https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title39/T39CH39/SECT39-3915/ | §39-3915 | 0 | No | §39-3915 | https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title39/T39CH39/SECT39-3915/ | §39-3915 |
| Illinois | 1 | ✓ Yes | 745 ILCS 70/3(a), /4 | https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs3.asp?ActID=2082&ChapterID=58 | 745 ILCS 70/3(a), /4 | 1 | ✓ Yes | 745 ILCS 70/3(a), /4 | https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs3.asp?ActID=2082&ChapterID=58 | 745 ILCS 70/3(a), /4 | 1 | ✓ Yes | 745 ILCS 70/3(a), /4 | https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs3.asp?ActID=2082&ChapterID=58 | 745 ILCS 70/3(a), /4 | 1 | ✓ Yes | 745 ILCS 70/4 | https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs3.asp?ActID=2082&ChapterID=58 | 745 ILCS 70/4 | 1 | ✓ Yes | 745 ILCS 70/5 | https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs3.asp?ActID=2082&ChapterID=58 | 745 ILCS 70/5 | 1 | ✓ Yes | 745 ILCS 70/5 | https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs3.asp?ActID=2082&ChapterID=58 | 745 ILCS 70/5 |
| Indiana | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | ||||||||||||
| Iowa | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | ||||||||||||
| Kansas | 1 | ✓ Yes | 65-446, -447 | https://www.ksrevisor.org/statutes/chapters/ch65/065_004_0046.html | 65-446, -447 | 1 | ✓ Yes | 65-446, -447 | https://www.ksrevisor.org/statutes/chapters/ch65/065_004_0046.html | 65-446, -447 | 1 | ✓ Yes | 65-446, -447 | https://www.ksrevisor.org/statutes/chapters/ch65/065_004_0046.html | 65-446, -447 | 1 | ✓ Yes | 65-446, -447 | https://www.ksrevisor.org/statutes/chapters/ch65/065_004_0046.html | 65-446, -447 | 0 | No | 65-446, -447 | https://www.ksrevisor.org/statutes/chapters/ch65/065_004_0046.html | 65-446, -447 | 0 | No | 65-446, -447 | https://www.ksrevisor.org/statutes/chapters/ch65/065_004_0046.html | 65-446, -447 |
| Kentucky | 1 | ✓ Yes | 311.800(5)(c) | https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=30643 | 311.800(5)(c) | 0 | No | 311.800(5)(c) | https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=30643 | 311.800(5)(c) | 0 | No | 311.800(5)(c) | https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=30643 | 311.800(5)(c) | 0 | No | 311.800(5)(c) | https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=30643 | 311.800(5)(c) | 0 | No | 311.800(5)(c) | https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=30643 | 311.800(5)(c) | 0 | No | 311.800(5)(c) | https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=30643 | 311.800(5)(c) |
| Louisiana | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | ||||||||||||
| Maine | 1 | ✓ Yes | 34-B §7016(1) | https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/34-B/title34-Bsec7016.html | 34-B §7016(1) | 1 | ✓ Yes | 34-B §7016(1) | https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/34-B/title34-Bsec7016.html | 34-B §7016(1) | 1 | ✓ Yes | 34-B §7016(1) | https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/34-B/title34-Bsec7016.html | 34-B §7016(1) | 1 | ✓ Yes | 34-B §7016(1) | https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/34-B/title34-Bsec7016.html | 34-B §7016(1) | 1 | ✓ Yes | 34-B §7016(1) | https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/34-B/title34-Bsec7016.html | 34-B §7016(1) | 0 | No | 34-B §7016(1) | https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/34-B/title34-Bsec7016.html | 34-B §7016(1) |
| Maryland | 1 | ✓ Yes | Health - General §20-214(a)(1) | https://advance.lexis.com/api/document/collection/statutes-legislation/id/63NX-7CT1-JGPY-X472-00008-00?cite=Md.%20HEALTH-GENERAL%20Code%20Ann.%20%C2%A7%2020-214&context=1000516 | Health - General §20-214(a)(1) | 1 | ✓ Yes | Health - General §20-214(b)(1) | https://advance.lexis.com/api/document/collection/statutes-legislation/id/63NX-7CT1-JGPY-X472-00008-00?cite=Md.%20HEALTH-GENERAL%20Code%20Ann.%20%C2%A7%2020-214&context=1000516 | Health - General §20-214(b)(1) | 1 | ✓ Yes | Health - General §20-214(b)(1) | https://advance.lexis.com/api/document/collection/statutes-legislation/id/63NX-7CT1-JGPY-X472-00008-00?cite=Md.%20HEALTH-GENERAL%20Code%20Ann.%20%C2%A7%2020-214&context=1000516 | Health - General §20-214(b)(1) | 1 | ✓ Yes | Health - General §20-214(a)(b) | https://advance.lexis.com/api/document/collection/statutes-legislation/id/63NX-7CT1-JGPY-X472-00008-00?cite=Md.%20HEALTH-GENERAL%20Code%20Ann.%20%C2%A7%2020-214&context=1000516 | Health - General §20-214(a)(b) | 0 | No | Health - General §20-214(a)(b) | https://advance.lexis.com/api/document/collection/statutes-legislation/id/63NX-7CT1-JGPY-X472-00008-00?cite=Md.%20HEALTH-GENERAL%20Code%20Ann.%20%C2%A7%2020-214&context=1000516 | Health - General §20-214(a)(b) | 1 | ✓ Yes | Health - General §20-214(b)(2)(ii) | https://advance.lexis.com/api/document/collection/statutes-legislation/id/63NX-7CT1-JGPY-X472-00008-00?cite=Md.%20HEALTH-GENERAL%20Code%20Ann.%20%C2%A7%2020-214&context=1000516 | Health - General §20-214(b)(2)(ii) |
| Massachusetts | 1 | ✓ Yes | 1.16.112.12I | https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXVI/Chapter112/Section12I | 1.16.112.12I | 1 | ✓ Yes | 4.1.272.21B | https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartIV/TitleI/Chapter272/Section21B | 4.1.272.21B | 0 | No | 4.1.272.21B | https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartIV/TitleI/Chapter272/Section21B | 4.1.272.21B | 1 | ✓ Yes | 1.16.112.12I | https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXVI/Chapter112/Section12I | 1.16.112.12I | 0 | No | 4.1.272.21B | https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartIV/TitleI/Chapter272/Section21B | 4.1.272.21B | 1 | ✓ Yes | 4.1.272.21B | https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartIV/TitleI/Chapter272/Section21B | 4.1.272.21B |
| Michigan | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | ||||||||||||
| Minnesota | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | ||||||||||||
| Mississippi | 1 | ✓ Yes | §41-107-5(1), §41-41-215(5) | https://advance.lexis.com/api/document/collection/statutes-legislation/id/8P6B-83C2-D6RV-H09M-00008-00?cite=Miss.%20Code%20Ann.%20%C2%A7%2041-107-5&context=1000516 | §41-107-5(1), §41-41-215(5) | 1 | ✓ Yes | §41-107-7(1), §41-41-215(5) | https://advance.lexis.com/api/document/collection/statutes-legislation/id/8P6B-83C2-D6RV-H09N-00008-00?cite=Miss.%20Code%20Ann.%20%C2%A7%2041-107-7&context=1000516 | §41-107-7(1), §41-41-215(5) | 1 | ✓ Yes | §41-107-7(1), §41-41-215(5) | https://advance.lexis.com/api/document/collection/statutes-legislation/id/8P6B-83C2-D6RV-H09N-00008-00?cite=Miss.%20Code%20Ann.%20%C2%A7%2041-107-7&context=1000516 | §41-107-7(1), §41-41-215(5) | 1 | ✓ Yes | §41-107-5, -7 | https://advance.lexis.com/api/document/collection/statutes-legislation/id/8P6B-83C2-D6RV-H09M-00008-00?cite=Miss.%20Code%20Ann.%20%C2%A7%2041-107-5&context=1000516 | §41-107-5, -7 | 1 | ✓ Yes | §41-107-5, -7 | https://advance.lexis.com/api/document/collection/statutes-legislation/id/8P6B-83C2-D6RV-H09M-00008-00?cite=Miss.%20Code%20Ann.%20%C2%A7%2041-107-5&context=1000516 | §41-107-5, -7 | 1 | ✓ Yes | §41-107-5, -7 | https://advance.lexis.com/api/document/collection/statutes-legislation/id/8P6B-83C2-D6RV-H09M-00008-00?cite=Miss.%20Code%20Ann.%20%C2%A7%2041-107-5&context=1000516 | §41-107-5, -7 |
| Missouri | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | ||||||||||||
| Montana | 1 | ✓ Yes | 50-5-503(1) | https://leg.mt.gov/bills/mca/title_0500/chapter_0050/part_0050/section_0030/0500-0050-0050-0030.html | 50-5-503(1) | 1 | ✓ Yes | 50-5-502(1) | https://leg.mt.gov/bills/mca/title_0500/chapter_0050/part_0050/section_0020/0500-0050-0050-0020.html | 50-5-502(1) | 0 | No | 50-5-502(1) | https://leg.mt.gov/bills/mca/title_0500/chapter_0050/part_0050/section_0020/0500-0050-0050-0020.html | 50-5-502(1) | 1 | ✓ Yes | 50-5-503(1) | https://leg.mt.gov/bills/mca/title_0500/chapter_0050/part_0050/section_0030/0500-0050-0050-0030.html | 50-5-503(1) | 0 | No | 50-5-500 | https://leg.mt.gov/bills/mca/title_0500/chapter_0050/part_0050/sections_index.html | 50-5-500 | 1 | ✓ Yes | 50-5-505 | https://leg.mt.gov/bills/mca/title_0500/chapter_0050/part_0050/section_0050/0500-0050-0050-0050.html | 50-5-505 |
| Nebraska | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | ||||||||||||
| Nevada | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | ||||||||||||
| New Hampshire | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | ||||||||||||
| New Jersey | 1 | ✓ Yes | 2A:65A-1 | https://lis.njleg.state.nj.us/nxt/gateway.dll/statutes%2F1%2F112%2F1925 | 2A:65A-1 | 1 | ✓ Yes | 2A:65A-2 | https://lis.njleg.state.nj.us/nxt/gateway.dll/statutes%2F1%2F112%2F1926 | 2A:65A-2 | 1 | ✓ Yes | 2A:65A-2 | https://lis.njleg.state.nj.us/nxt/gateway.dll/statutes%2F1%2F112%2F1926 | 2A:65A-2 | 1 | ✓ Yes | 2A:65A-3 | https://lis.njleg.state.nj.us/nxt/gateway.dll/statutes%2F1%2F112%2F1927 | 2A:65A-3 | 1 | ✓ Yes | 2A:65A-3 | https://lis.njleg.state.nj.us/nxt/gateway.dll/statutes%2F1%2F112%2F1927 | 2A:65A-3 | 0 | No | 2A:65A-3 | https://lis.njleg.state.nj.us/nxt/gateway.dll/statutes%2F1%2F112%2F1927 | 2A:65A-3 |
| New Mexico | 1 | ✓ Yes | 24-7A-7(E), -9A(4) | https://nmonesource.com/nmos/nmsa/en/item/4384/index.do#!b/24-7A-7 | 24-7A-7(E), -9A(4) | 1 | ✓ Yes | 24-7A-7(E), -9A(4) | https://nmonesource.com/nmos/nmsa/en/item/4384/index.do#!b/24-7A-7 | 24-7A-7(E), -9A(4) | 1 | ✓ Yes | 24-7A-7(E), -9A(4) | https://nmonesource.com/nmos/nmsa/en/item/4384/index.do#!b/24-7A-7 | 24-7A-7(E), -9A(4) | 1 | ✓ Yes | 24-7A-7(E), -9A(4) | https://nmonesource.com/nmos/nmsa/en/item/4384/index.do#!b/24-7A-7 | 24-7A-7(E), -9A(4) | 1 | ✓ Yes | 24-7A-7(E), -9A(4) | https://nmonesource.com/nmos/nmsa/en/item/4384/index.do#!b/24-7A-7 | 24-7A-7(E), -9A(4) | 0 | No | 24-7A-7(E), -9A(4) | https://nmonesource.com/nmos/nmsa/en/item/4384/index.do#!b/24-7A-7 | 24-7A-7(E), -9A(4) |
| New York | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | ||||||||||||
| North Carolina | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | ||||||||||||
| North Dakota | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | ||||||||||||
| Ohio | 1 | ✓ Yes | §4743.10 | https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-4743.10 | §4743.10 | 1 | ✓ Yes | §4743.10 | https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-4743.10 | §4743.10 | 1 | ✓ Yes | §4743.10 | https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-4743.10 | §4743.10 | 1 | ✓ Yes | §4743.10 | https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-4743.10 | §4743.10 | 1 | ✓ Yes | §4743.10 | https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-4743.10 | §4743.10 | 1 | ✓ Yes | §4743.10 | https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-4743.10 | §4743.10 |
| Oklahoma | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | ||||||||||||
| Oregon | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | ||||||||||||
| Pennsylvania | 1 | ✓ Yes | 16 §51.41(a) | https://www.pacodeandbulletin.gov/Display/pacode?file=/secure/pacode/data/016/chapter51/s51.41.html | 16 §51.41(a) | 1 | ✓ Yes | 16 §51.31(b) | https://www.pacodeandbulletin.gov/Display/pacode?file=/secure/pacode/data/016/chapter51/s51.31.html | 16 §51.31(b) | 0 | No | 16 §51.31(b) | https://www.pacodeandbulletin.gov/Display/pacode?file=/secure/pacode/data/016/chapter51/s51.31.html | 16 §51.31(b) | 1 | ✓ Yes | 16 §51.41(a) | https://www.pacodeandbulletin.gov/Display/pacode?file=/secure/pacode/data/016/chapter51/s51.41.html | 16 §51.41(a) | 0 | No | 16 §51.41(a) | https://www.pacodeandbulletin.gov/Display/pacode?file=/secure/pacode/data/016/chapter51/s51.41.html | 16 §51.41(a) | 1 | ✓ Yes | 16 §51.42(a) | https://www.pacodeandbulletin.gov/Display/pacode?file=/secure/pacode/data/016/chapter51/s51.42.html | 16 §51.42(a) |
| Rhode Island | 1 | ✓ Yes | §23-17-11 | http://webserver.rilin.state.ri.us/Statutes/TITLE23/23-17/23-17-11.HTM | §23-17-11 | 0 | No | §23-17-11 | http://webserver.rilin.state.ri.us/Statutes/TITLE23/23-17/23-17-11.HTM | §23-17-11 | 0 | No | §23-17-11 | http://webserver.rilin.state.ri.us/Statutes/TITLE23/23-17/23-17-11.HTM | §23-17-11 | 1 | ✓ Yes | §23-17-11 | http://webserver.rilin.state.ri.us/Statutes/TITLE23/23-17/23-17-11.HTM | §23-17-11 | 0 | No | §23-17-11 | http://webserver.rilin.state.ri.us/Statutes/TITLE23/23-17/23-17-11.HTM | §23-17-11 | 0 | No | §23-17-11 | http://webserver.rilin.state.ri.us/Statutes/TITLE23/23-17/23-17-11.HTM | §23-17-11 |
| South Carolina | 1 | ✓ Yes | §44-139-30(A) | https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t44c139.php#44-139-10 | §44-139-30(A) | 1 | ✓ Yes | §44-139-30(A) | https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t44c139.php#44-139-10 | §44-139-30(A) | 1 | ✓ Yes | §44-139-30(A) | https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t44c139.php#44-139-10 | §44-139-30(A) | 1 | ✓ Yes | §44-139-30(B) | https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t44c139.php#44-139-10 | §44-139-30(B) | 1 | ✓ Yes | §44-139-30(B) | https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t44c139.php#44-139-10 | §44-139-30(B) | 1 | ✓ Yes | §44-139-30(B) | https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t44c139.php#44-139-10 | §44-139-30(B) |
| South Dakota | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | ||||||||||||
| Tennessee | 1 | ✓ Yes | §68-34-104(5) | https://advance.lexis.com/api/document/collection/statutes-legislation/id/4X9B-PFK0-R03N-90S9-00008-00?cite=Tenn.%20Code%20Ann.%20%C2%A7%2068-34-104&context=1000516 | §68-34-104(5) | 1 | ✓ Yes | §68-34-104(5) | https://advance.lexis.com/api/document/collection/statutes-legislation/id/4X9B-PFK0-R03N-90S9-00008-00?cite=Tenn.%20Code%20Ann.%20%C2%A7%2068-34-104&context=1000516 | §68-34-104(5) | 0 | No | §68-34-104(5) | https://advance.lexis.com/api/document/collection/statutes-legislation/id/4X9B-PFK0-R03N-90S9-00008-00?cite=Tenn.%20Code%20Ann.%20%C2%A7%2068-34-104&context=1000516 | §68-34-104(5) | 1 | ✓ Yes | §68-34-104(5) | https://advance.lexis.com/api/document/collection/statutes-legislation/id/4X9B-PFK0-R03N-90S9-00008-00?cite=Tenn.%20Code%20Ann.%20%C2%A7%2068-34-104&context=1000516 | §68-34-104(5) | 0 | No | §68-34-104(5) | https://advance.lexis.com/api/document/collection/statutes-legislation/id/4X9B-PFK0-R03N-90S9-00008-00?cite=Tenn.%20Code%20Ann.%20%C2%A7%2068-34-104&context=1000516 | §68-34-104(5) | 0 | No | §68-34-104(5) | https://advance.lexis.com/api/document/collection/statutes-legislation/id/4X9B-PFK0-R03N-90S9-00008-00?cite=Tenn.%20Code%20Ann.%20%C2%A7%2068-34-104&context=1000516 | §68-34-104(5) |
| Texas | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | ||||||||||||
| Utah | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | ||||||||||||
| Vermont | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | ||||||||||||
| Virginia | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | ||||||||||||
| Washington | 1 | ✓ Yes | §9.02.150, §48.43.065(2)(a) | https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=9.02.150 | §9.02.150, §48.43.065(2)(a) | 1 | ✓ Yes | §9.02.150, §48.43.065(2)(a) | https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=9.02.150 | §9.02.150, §48.43.065(2)(a) | 1 | ✓ Yes | §9.02.150, §48.43.065(2)(a) | https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=9.02.150 | §9.02.150, §48.43.065(2)(a) | 0 | No | §9.02.150, §48.43.065(2)(a) | https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=9.02.150 | §9.02.150, §48.43.065(2)(a) | 0 | No | §9.02.150, §48.43.065(2)(a) | https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=9.02.150 | §9.02.150, §48.43.065(2)(a) | 0 | No | §9.02.150, §48.43.065(2)(a) | https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=9.02.150 | §9.02.150, §48.43.065(2)(a) |
| West Virginia | 1 | ✓ Yes | §16-11-1 | https://code.wvlegislature.gov/16-11-1/ | §16-11-1 | 1 | ✓ Yes | §16-11-1 | https://code.wvlegislature.gov/16-11-1/ | §16-11-1 | 1 | ✓ Yes | §16-11-1 | https://code.wvlegislature.gov/16-11-1/ | §16-11-1 | 1 | ✓ Yes | §16-11-1 | https://code.wvlegislature.gov/16-11-1/ | §16-11-1 | 0 | No | §16-11-1 | https://code.wvlegislature.gov/16-11-1/ | §16-11-1 | 0 | No | §16-11-1 | https://code.wvlegislature.gov/16-11-1/ | §16-11-1 |
| Wisconsin | 1 | ✓ Yes | §253.09(1)(2) | https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/253/09 | §253.09(1)(2) | 1 | ✓ Yes | §253.09(1)(2) | https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/253/09 | §253.09(1)(2) | 1 | ✓ Yes | §253.09(1)(2) | https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/253/09 | §253.09(1)(2) | 1 | ✓ Yes | §253.09(1)(2) | https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/253/09 | §253.09(1)(2) | 0 | No | §253.09(1)(2) | https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/253/09 | §253.09(1)(2) | 0 | No | §253.09(1)(2) | https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/253/09 | §253.09(1)(2) |
| Wyoming | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - | 0 | No | - |
Note on citations:
Where multiple laws are cited, the link is for the first listed. To find subsequent laws -or- in cases where a state's laws are not possible to link to directly, use the citation number to manually navigate to the statute of interest. For more precise information on citations as well as our reasoning behind each score, download the full data set which includes additional research notes.